种植植被是降低沉积物转移率的实用解决方案之一。植被覆盖的增加可降低环境污染和沉积物的运输速率(STR)。由于沉积物和植被相互作用复杂,因此预测沉积物的运输速率具有挑战性。这项研究旨在使用新的和优化的数据处理方法(GMDH)的新版本(GMDH)预测植被覆盖的沉积物传输速率。此外,这项研究介绍了一种用于预测沉积物传输速率的新集合模型。模型输入包括波高,波速,密度覆盖,波力,D50,植被盖的高度和盖茎直径。独立的GMDH模型和优化的GMDH模型,包括GMDH Honey Badger算法(HBA)GMDH大鼠群群算法(RSOA)VGMDH正弦余弦算法(SCA)和GMDH颗粒swarm swarm优化率(GMDH-PSO),用于预测沉积率(GMDH-PSO) 。作为下一步,使用独立的GMDH的输出来构建集合模型。合奏模型的MAE为0.145 m3/s,而GMDH-HBA,GMDH-RSOA,GMDH-SCA,GMDH-PSOA和GMDH的MAE在测试水平为0.176 M3/s,0.312 M3/s,0.367/s,0.367 M3/s,0.498 m3/s和0.612 m3/s。集合模型的Nash Sutcliffe系数(NSE),GMDH-HBA,GMDH-RSOA,GMDH-SCA,GMDH-PSOA和GHMDH分别为0.95 0.93、0.89、0.89、0.86、0.86、0.82和0.76。此外,这项研究表明,植被覆盖的沉积物运输速率降低了90%。结果表明,合奏和GMDH-HBA模型可以准确预测沉积物的传输速率。根据这项研究的结果,可以使用IMM和GMDH-HBA监测沉积物的传输速率。这些结果对于管理和规划大盆地的水资源很有用。
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The task of locating and classifying different types of vehicles has become a vital element in numerous applications of automation and intelligent systems ranging from traffic surveillance to vehicle identification and many more. In recent times, Deep Learning models have been dominating the field of vehicle detection. Yet, Bangladeshi vehicle detection has remained a relatively unexplored area. One of the main goals of vehicle detection is its real-time application, where `You Only Look Once' (YOLO) models have proven to be the most effective architecture. In this work, intending to find the best-suited YOLO architecture for fast and accurate vehicle detection from traffic images in Bangladesh, we have conducted a performance analysis of different variants of the YOLO-based architectures such as YOLOV3, YOLOV5s, and YOLOV5x. The models were trained on a dataset containing 7390 images belonging to 21 types of vehicles comprising samples from the DhakaAI dataset, the Poribohon-BD dataset, and our self-collected images. After thorough quantitative and qualitative analysis, we found the YOLOV5x variant to be the best-suited model, performing better than YOLOv3 and YOLOv5s models respectively by 7 & 4 percent in mAP, and 12 & 8.5 percent in terms of Accuracy.
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The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.
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In this paper, deep-learning-based approaches namely fine-tuning of pretrained convolutional neural networks (VGG16 and VGG19), and end-to-end training of a developed CNN model, have been used in order to classify X-Ray images into four different classes that include COVID-19, normal, opacity and pneumonia cases. A dataset containing more than 20,000 X-ray scans was retrieved from Kaggle and used in this experiment. A two-stage classification approach was implemented to be compared to the one-shot classification approach. Our hypothesis was that a two-stage model will be able to achieve better performance than a one-shot model. Our results show otherwise as VGG16 achieved 95% accuracy using one-shot approach over 5-fold of training. Future work will focus on a more robust implementation of the two-stage classification model Covid-TSC. The main improvement will be allowing data to flow from the output of stage-1 to the input of stage-2, where stage-1 and stage-2 models are VGG16 models fine-tuned on the Covid-19 dataset.
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大多数人工智能(AI)研究都集中在高收入国家,其中成像数据,IT基础设施和临床专业知识丰富。但是,在需要医学成像的有限资源环境中取得了较慢的进步。例如,在撒哈拉以南非洲,由于获得产前筛查的机会有限,围产期死亡率的率很高。在这些国家,可以实施AI模型,以帮助临床医生获得胎儿超声平面以诊断胎儿异常。到目前为止,已经提出了深度学习模型来识别标准的胎儿平面,但是没有证据表明它们能够概括获得高端超声设备和数据的中心。这项工作研究了不同的策略,以减少在高资源临床中心训练并转移到新的低资源中心的胎儿平面分类模型的域转移效果。为此,首先在丹麦的一个新中心对1,008例患者的新中心进行评估,接受了1,008名患者的新中心,后来对五个非洲中心(埃及,阿尔及利亚,乌干达,加纳和马拉维进行了相同的表现),首先在丹麦的一个新中心进行评估。 )每个患者有25名。结果表明,转移学习方法可以是将小型非洲样本与发达国家现有的大规模数据库相结合的解决方案。特别是,该模型可以通过将召回率提高到0.92 \ pm 0.04 $,同时又可以维持高精度。该框架显示了在临床中心构建可概括的新AI模型的希望,该模型在具有挑战性和异质条件下获得的数据有限,并呼吁进行进一步的研究,以开发用于资源较少的国家 /地区的AI可用性的新解决方案。
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这项研究是有关阿拉伯历史文档的光学特征识别(OCR)的一系列研究的第二阶段,并研究了不同的建模程序如何与问题相互作用。第一项研究研究了变压器对我们定制的阿拉伯数据集的影响。首次研究的弊端之一是训练数据的规模,由于缺乏资源,我们的3000万张图像中仅15000张图像。另外,我们添加了一个图像增强层,时间和空间优化和后校正层,以帮助该模型预测正确的上下文。值得注意的是,我们提出了一种使用视觉变压器作为编码器的端到端文本识别方法,即BEIT和Vanilla Transformer作为解码器,消除了CNNs以进行特征提取并降低模型的复杂性。实验表明,我们的端到端模型优于卷积骨架。该模型的CER为4.46%。
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由于其在非洲以外的40多个国家 /地区的迅速传播,最近的蒙基托克斯爆发已成为公共卫生问题。由于与水痘和麻疹的相似之处,蒙基托斯在早期的临床诊断是具有挑战性的。如果不容易获得验证性聚合酶链反应(PCR)测试,那么计算机辅助检测蒙基氧基病变可能对可疑病例的监视和快速鉴定有益。只要有足够的训练示例,深度学习方法在自动检测皮肤病变中有效。但是,截至目前,此类数据集尚未用于猴蛋白酶疾病。在当前的研究中,我们首先开发``Monkeypox皮肤病变数据集(MSLD)。用于增加样本量,并建立了3倍的交叉验证实验。在下一步中,采用了几种预训练的深度学习模型,即VGG-16,Resnet50和InceptionV3用于对Monkeypox和Monkeypox和Monkeypox和其他疾病。还开发了三种型号的合奏。RESNET50达到了82.96美元(\ pm4.57 \%)$的最佳总体准确性,而VGG16和整体系统的准确性达到了81.48美元(\ pm6.87 \%)$和$ 79.26(\ pm1.05 \%)$。还开发了一个原型网络应用程序作为在线蒙基蛋白筛选工具。虽然该有限数据集的初始结果是有希望的,但需要更大的人口统计学多样化的数据集来进一步增强性增强性。这些的普遍性 楷模。
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肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TIL)的定量已被证明是乳腺癌患者预后的独立预测因子。通常,病理学家对含有tils的基质区域的比例进行估计,以获得TILS评分。乳腺癌(Tiger)挑战中肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞旨在评估计算机生成的TILS评分的预后意义,以预测作为COX比例风险模型的一部分的存活率。在这一挑战中,作为Tiager团队,我们已经开发了一种算法,以将肿瘤与基质与基质进行第一部分,然后将肿瘤散装区域用于TILS检测。最后,我们使用这些输出来生成每种情况的TILS分数。在初步测试中,我们的方法达到了肿瘤 - 细胞瘤的加权骰子评分为0.791,而淋巴细胞检测的FROC得分为0.572。为了预测生存,我们的模型达到了0.719的C索引。这些结果在老虎挑战的初步测试排行榜中获得了第一名。
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提取手写文本是数字化信息的最重要组成部分之一,并使其可用于大规模设置。手写光学角色读取器(OCR)是计算机视觉和自然语言处理计算的研究问题,对于英语,已经完成了许多工作,但是不幸的是,对于乌尔都语(例如乌尔都语)的低资源语言,几乎没有完成工作。乌尔都语语言脚本非常困难,因为它具有基于其相对位置的角色形状的草书性质和变化,因此,需要提出一个模型,该模型可以理解复杂的特征并将其推广到各种手写样式。在这项工作中,我们提出了一个基于变压器的乌尔都语手写文本提取模型。由于变压器在自然语言理解任务中非常成功,因此我们进一步探索它们以了解复杂的乌尔都语手写。
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口语内容中的话语码切换(CS)的普及性具有强制ASR系统来处理混合输入。然而,设计CS-ASR具有许多挑战,主要原因是数据稀缺,语法结构复杂性和不匹配以及不平衡的语言使用分配。最近的ASR研究表明E2E-ASR使用多语种数据来处理CS现象的少量CS数据。但是,对CS数据的依赖仍然存在。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种方法来增加用于人工生成的CS文本的单格式数据以改善不同的语音模块。我们在利用对齐的转换对的同时基于对等效约束理论的方法,以生成语法有效的CS内容。我们的经验结果表明,两种生态和嘈杂的CS测试集,在困惑中的相对增益为29-34%,而在WER中约为2%。最后,人类评估表明,人类可以获得83.8%的生成数据。
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